Dating Goldsmith Chandlee Instruments

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The M'Kay Compass is a Very Nice Example of a Fourth Design GC Compass

Goldsmith's Fourth Design - Early 1800s to 1821

Fourth Design - Counters (Poles/Miles), the later W for WEST designations, Added L-T Tables
Early 1800s to 1821 (When GC Died)


To date GC Compasses with Counters, I look for 3 things:

1. What the W's look like.
2. Whether the Compass has a L - T table (L is for Links, T for Tenths).
3. Whether the Compass features an Eagle.

ALL of the compasses that GC made after 1804 include L - T tables and the later style "W".

The Key Compass from a dating perspective is the McKay Compass (GC 21). The McKay Compass is a Fourth Design compass - it has the later W design AND a L - T table. GC and McKay were close friends, and McKay died in 1804. Thus, we know for sure that the Second and Third Design compasses were done by 1804.

A collector who visited my website sent me a pic of his GC compass - Grayson (7a). This compass is unique - it features the early
“W” for WEST designations AND has an L-T Table. I suspect that the late 1790s and early 1800s was a transitional time for GC in terms of his compass-making. And the Grayson compass might have a story - the compass mainplate might be engraved at a different time, for example.

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McKay Compass (GC 21)
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Grayson Compass (7a)

Chandlee Articles

Here are some helpful reference materials related to the Chandlee Family of Instrument Makers:

1. Chandlee -
Six Quaker Clockmakers (1943).

2. American Backcountry Tall Clock -
Goldsmith Chandlee - His Genius His Customers (2016) A must see article that focuses on clocks and compasses.

3. The American Surveyor (Dale Beeks) -
George Washington's Gift (Oct 2005) (Story about the compass Goldsmith made for GW - The Lane Compass).

4. The Professional Surveyor (Dick Elgin) -
On Goldsmith Chandlee (2001) A really good article on GC.

5. Smart -
His notes on Goldsmith for his book.

6. Gaynor & McKnight -
Goldsmith Chandlee's "American Manufacture" Compass - The Rittenhouse Journal Vol 2 #3 (1988)

7. Beeks -
A Surveyor's Compass Made By Goldsmith Chandlee - The Rittenhouse Journal Vol 2 #3 (1988)

8. Bedini -
Goldsmith Chandlee & George Graves Compasses - The Professional Surveyor (Nov 1984) - Relying on Smart, Bedini inaccurately describe the functions of GC's L - T Table.

9. Bedini -
Goldsmith Chandlee's L - T Table - The Professional Surveyor (May 1985) Bedini discussed a different possible explanation of GC's L - T table. I believe that Dick Elgin came up with the right explanation in his article, #4 above.

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