Beautiful Compass Made by Rittenhouse & Potts
The following three paragraphs are based on Bedini's Article on BR and his Business Partners and Apprentices:
The Federal Land Ordnance of 1785 brought about a renewed demand for surveying compasses, specifying that the vernier surveying compass was favored so that Benjamin Rittenhouse turned once more to making them. He returned to Worcester Township from Philadelphia and once again advertised for an apprentice in the May 14, 1785 issue of the Pennsylvania Packets shortly before Lewis Michael had completed his apprenticeship.
The very year that he advertised, Rittenhouse hired William Lukens Potts (1771-1854) the son of the millwright Thomas Potts, who had served in the Provincial Assembly just prior to his death in 1776. William was born on July 17, 1771 and had turned fourteen in 1785. It is believed that he may have served an apprenticeship for a time with his cousin David Shoemaker before Rittenhouse subsequently took Potts as his partner. In 1796, when he was twenty-five, Potts worked in Rittenhouse's clock shop in Worcester Township in Montgomery County, and it is said that he remained with Rittenhouse for two years during which they produced compasses inscribed with the name "Rittenhouse& Potts," several of which have survived. Potts subsequently left Montgomery County and was recorded to be working in Pitts Town, New Jersey.
In 1807 Potts moved to Nockamixon Township in Bucks County where he was a clockmaker, instrument maker and silversmith until 1816. In that year he moved to Philadelphia to become an iron merchant. He died on January 17, 1854.
BP1 - This is the only picture I have of this Rittenhouse & Potts vernier compass. Skinner Sale in 2017 for $7995.
BP2 - Beautiful Rittenhouse & Potts vernier compass. Empty vial. Skinner Sale in 2018 for $5535
BP3 - I found this listing on the George Glazer Gallery - Antiques page. Looks like a very nice plain compass.
BP4 - This Rittenhouse & Potts plain compass has a very cool turnable level - note the curve in the upper sight vane that accommodates turning the level. Sold in 2013 for $5925 by the James D. Julia Auction House.
BP5 - Tesseract sold this BP compass in 1985 or so, in Tesseract Catalog A. I idon'thave a copy. All I have are the notes that the owner of Tesseract sent to my dad in 1990, which are interesting. A BP compass that was lightly decorated, apparently.
RP6 - Beautiful engraving. Conestoga Estates of Mind Auctions at $3400 (per LiveAuction) in 2018. Plain Compass with tripod.
BP7 - A very nicely engraved Rittenhouse & Potts plain compass. I pulled this compass off the Worthpoint website. I don't know how much it cost (I don't have a Worthpoint account). If you know the selling price (was listed on ebay), please let me know.
BP8 - Beautiful Rittenhouse & Potts plain compass. Looks like it has a counter. Owned in 1990 by the American Philosophical Society.
Like BR's compasses, the compasses made by BR and his partners are Eye-Candy. This isn't surprising since BR trained his two main partners (Potts and Evans) before entering into a partnership with each one of them.
Nobody knows how many compasses BR and his partners made. The compasses made by BR and his partners are all high quality and mostly vernier compasses. They are all lustworthy, just like a BR branded compasses. They seem to fall in the same price range too.
Bud Uzes authored two articles in the early 1990s regarding Rittenhouse surveying instruments. Bud's files included a fair number of background reference materials, and I've found a few additional articles published in the last 20 years that are relevant to collecting surveying instruments made by the Rittenhouse Family. Attached below are the most helpful articles. Please keep in mind that collectors were trying to figure this stuff out, and that developments may have impacted some of the analysis and conclusions stated in the articles. I've also included a longer list of my dad's reference materials.
1. Uzes - Colonial Surveyor and Instrument Maker (1990) published in the Rittenhouse Journal (Vol 5, No 1).
2. Uzes - The Brothers Rittenhouse - 1994 ACSM Presentation (similar to the Rittenhouse Journal Article)
3. Bedini - David Rittenhouse (1732-1796) - Rittenhouse Journal (Vol 14, No 1).
4. Bedini - Benjamin Rittenhouse (1740-1825)
5. Bedini - Benjamin Rittenhouse and His Apprentices and Partners
6. Bedini - Relevant Pages from Thinkers and Tinkerers
7. Lock - David Rittenhouse Telescopic Theodolite - The American Surveyor (Dec 2007)
8. Forman - The Worcester Workshop of Benjamin Rittenhouse
9. Smart - The Makers of Surveying Instruments in America Since 1700 (Relevant Pages)
10. Other List of References Pulled Together by Bud Uzes
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